In both America and Europe, a copyright holder’s exclusive distribution and reproduction rights are subject to certain limitations, including the American first-sale doctrine, the corresponding European exhaustion doctrine, and the American essential step defe...
When the founding fathers laid the bedrock of patent law, they created a list of conditions that an invention must meet to be patentable. An invention must be novel, non-obvious, described in a manner which allows others to practice it, and more. But the cardi...
When Google developed its mobile platform, Android, the company copied some of the code as well as the structure, sequence, and organization (SSO) of 37 Java Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). Oracle gained ownership of Java, a widely-used open-source ...
As capital intensive public goods, pharmaceuticals are likely to receive inefficiently-low investment in the absence of government intervention. The patent system functions well to promote innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. However, because innovation ...