This Article is the first to elaborate the theory of virtual governments as a concept to understand Internet platforms. The theory postulates that large Internet platforms are virtual governments in two senses: (1) they rule the virtual world online, and (2) they...
Much of the confusion about the proper regulation of smart contracts stems from the fact that both code and law are expressed in language. Natural (human) and formal (computer) languages are profoundly different, however. Natural language in the form of a true legal...
Much of the public and scholarly debate around content moderation focuses on user-facing platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, or YouTube. More recently, however, battles over content have shifted deeper into the internet stack, from the application layer to the...
Political discourse and survey research both suggest that many Americans believe constitutional protections for free expression extend more broadly than what is reflected in the black letter law. A notable example of this has been the claim — sometimes...
Current proposals for modifying the landscape of online speech governance would either expand civil liability for social media companies or modify their market imperatives through antitrust law and other regulatory reforms. The leading alternative to changing...
Today, many areas of our daily lives are determined by artificial intelligence (AI). Machines program software, translate texts rapidly, create beautiful images, and design fashion efficiently. They are capable of superhuman performances. Furthermore, machines make...